Introduction In today’s data-driv?n world, g?ospatial visualization plays a crucial rol? in und?rstanding spatial data. R, a pow?rful statistical programming languag?, provid?s a wid? rang? of tools for cr?ating maps and analyzing spatial information. Wh?th?r you ar? working with d?mographic data, ?nvironm?ntal studi?s, or busin?ss analytics,